Basic comparison between Python async and sync function

Async operation will really speed up your code for blocking I/O operations or network requests. But it requires to work carefully with "event loop," and code might get complicated.

Synchronous/Blocking IO

Sequential execution

In synchronous operations, everything is simple: you have a code that is working step by step on each operation; your resources are blocked until that operation will not return control to the program.

Asynchronous execution

All Python code executes in the main request thread, but the main advantage of the asynchronous operation is:

1. that I/O does not block it, and
2. multiple I/O or other async tasks can execute concurrently.

Usually, 90% of the programming time spends on I/O, database, network operations.

The reordering of different task instructions in this way allows you to hide I/O latency. So while one task is currently sitting at an I/O instruction (e.g., waiting for data), another task's instruction, with hopefully less latency, can execute in the meantime.

Test results

• sync: python 2.7.10 + requests library;
• async: python 3.6 + iohttp with asyncio;
• loop script: python test.

1 request

sync:

sync$ time python test.py > /dev/null0.107u 0.051s 0:00.64 23.4% 0+0k 0+0io 0pf+0w

async:

async$ time python test.py > /dev/null0.195u 0.049s 0:00.68 30.8% 0+0k 0+0io 0pf+0w

For one request we won't see any big difference and sometimes async operation can take even more time to execute, but let's check out 10 iterations.

sync:

sync$ time python test.py 10 > /dev/null0.451u 0.065s 0:05.50 9.2%  0+0k 0+0io 0pf+0w

async:

async$ time python test.py 10 > /dev/null0.218u 0.031s 0:01.77 13.5% 0+0k 0+0io 0pf+0w

Here we can see that async execution finished in 2 sec versus a traditional method that finished in 6 sec.

1000 requests

sync:

sync$ time python test.py 1000 > /dev/null37.998u 1.166s 9:31.52 6.8% 0+0k 0+0io 277pf+0w

async:

async$ time python test.py 1000 > /dev/null2.221u 0.231s 2:03.71 1.9%  0+0k 49+0io 695pf+0w

Almost 10 min vs 2 min.

Now, let's say we have a real application with millions of requests per day. The payoff is obvious.